Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

组合临界流文丘里喷嘴空气流量测量方法高空舱应用分析

为满足发动机高空试验低流速进气条件下空气流量精确测量,减小进气导管气流附面层影响,弱化空气流量测量与被试发动机相关性。分析了单件/组合临界流文丘里喷嘴的工作特性,给出了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴(ACFVN)空气流量计算方法,依据给定试验发动机和高空舱尺寸设计了临界流文丘里喷嘴组合结构,得到了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴在高空舱应用的控制方法和测试布局。采用小尺寸喷嘴对组合喷嘴设计和应用方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用打开/关闭喷嘴数量和调节进气压力两种组合方式在高空舱内应用方法可行,测试布局满足测量要求,下游发动机进口截面气流紊流度优于0.3%,满足发动机高空模拟试验要求。      

飞行器智能设计愿景与关键问题

未来飞行器正朝着多元化、无人化和智能化的方向发展，高超声速、超隐身和变体等新型飞行器不断涌现。而传统飞行器解耦分拆的设计方法越来越难以满足未来飞行器综合性能全面提升的要求，只有通过整体化设计才能充分发掘飞行器的潜能。通过分析传统飞行器设计中存在的问题，提出满足全生命周期要求的飞行器智能设计体系理念，利用知识库的构建将智能赋予飞行器平台系统设计、制造生产和运维这3个阶段，并通过数字孪生技术进行飞行器全生命周期的仿真、分析和预测，以对飞行器设计、运行等数据进行更新，使该体系形成闭环。就飞行器智能设计体系中需要的关键技术及涉及的科学问题等进行了讨论，并给出了未来发展方向以供参考。     

基于Kalman滤波的变体飞行器T-S模糊控制

针对变体飞行器的跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制方法。考虑飞行器系统状态不可测,引入惯导数据作为辅助信息,利用Kalman滤波算法融合飞控信息与惯导信息实现状态估计。由于变体飞行器在不同变形结构下气动特性变化较大,为便于控制器设计,采用小扰动线性化方法得到飞行器在不同平衡点处的局部线性模型,并通过状态反馈方法设计局部控制器,局部线性模型和局部控制器通过模糊集和模糊规则聚合成一个连续光滑的全局T-S模糊模型和T-S模糊控制器。通过综合Kalman滤波器与T-S模糊控制器得到一个基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制器在变形过程中能够实现状态估计,保证飞机的跟踪性能。     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.     

抑波槽宽度对水陆两栖飞机喷溅性能影响对比试验研究

抑波槽宽度合理性直接影响抑制喷溅的效果。通过两个抑波槽宽度的单船身模型拖曳水池对比试验,比较同一状态两者喷溅包络线,分析抑波槽宽度变化对飞机喷溅性能影响,表明减小抑波槽宽度使螺旋桨处喷溅高度增加19%以上,使襟翼处喷溅高度降低54%。     

民用飞机空气起动系统性能评估方法

根据民用飞机起动系统设计特点,分别给出了起动轴功率检查和起动机进口参数检查2种起动性能评估方法,并对2种方法进行了对比,起动轴功率检查方法可以直接反映起动机轴功率的设计状态;而起动机进口参数检查方法可以直接反映出起动关键参数(流量、总温和总压)的设计状态。最后,以某型辅助动力装置供气的起动性能计算为例验证了基于起动机进口参数的计算方法。     

某型民用飞机电源系统负加速度试飞研究

首先对民用飞机电源系统负加速度试飞进行简要说明,提出民用飞机电源系统负加速度试飞的原因和目的。其次对电源系统负加速度试飞条件、试飞方法和试飞程序进行说明。对电源系统负加速试飞结果进行分析评估,表明电源系统设计是满足设计要求和民用航空标准要求的。最后对负加速度试飞中注意事项进行了详细说明,为其它机型飞机进行负加速度试飞提供借鉴。     

基于LQG/LTR的飞翼飞机阵风减缓系统研究

根据我国《运输类飞机适航标准》的要求,采用有理谱逼近的方法建立了Von Karman大气紊流的数值仿真模型;详细推导了多变量系统鲁棒性的衡量方法,给出了开环系统奇异值曲线形状与闭环系统鲁棒性的关系;针对飞翼飞机多操纵面的特点,将控制分配技术与LQG/LTR控制器结合在一起,同时兼顾了对飞机过载和翼根弯矩的减缓。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统在对飞机过载减缓的同时,也对机翼的翼根弯矩进行了有效的减缓。     

基于模型的系统工程在作动器领域的应用研究

以飞机作动器产品为研究对象,通过条目化需求分析,将产品设计过程进行逐级分解。利用AMESim、AN-SYS系列软件等仿真工具,建立从部件到产品的各级仿真模型,并开展仿真分析工作,通过对仿真分析过程和结果的分析,探索了基于模型的系统工程方法的工作流程,总结了飞机液压作动器基于模型的系统工程方法的应用基础。